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Turk, J.; Malard, A.; Jeannin, P.-Y.; Gabrovsek, F.; Petric, M.; Ravbar, N.; Vouillamoz, J.; Slabe, T. |
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Hydrogeological interpretation of the alpine karst massif by application of a Karsys approach (Kanin case study, Julian Alps) |
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2014 |
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Hydrological Processes |
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Published online in Wiley Online Library |
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DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10313 |
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Karsys |
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Gabrovsek, F.; Häuselmann, P.; Audra, P. |
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Titre |
'Looping caves' versus 'water table caves': The role of base-level changes and recharge variations in cave development |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Geomorphology |
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204 |
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683-691 |
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The vertical organisation of karst conduit networks has been the focus of speleogenetic studies for more than a century. The four state model of Ford and Ewers (1978), which still is considered as the most general, relates the geometry of caves to the frequency of permeable fissures. The model suggests that the water table caves are common in areas with high fissure frequency, which is often the case in natural settings. However, in Alpine karst systems, water table caves are more the exception than the rule. Alpine speleogenesis is influenced by high uplift, valley incision rates and irregular recharge. To study the potential role of these processes for speleogenesis in the dimensions of length and depth, we apply a simple mathematical model based on coupling of flow, dissolution and transport. We assume a master conduit draining the water to the spring at a base level. Incision of the valley triggers evolution of deeper flow pathways, which are initially in a proto-conduit state. The master conduit evolves into a canyon following the valley incision, while the deep pathways evolve towards maturity and tend to capture the water from the master conduits. Two outcomes are possible: a) deep pathways evolve fast enough to capture all the recharge, leaving the master conduit dry; or b) the canyon reaches the level of deep pathways before these evolve to maturity. We introduce the Loop-to-Canyon Ratio (LCR), which predicts which of the two outcomes is more likely to occur in certain settings. Our model is extended to account for transient flow conditions. In the case of an undulating master conduit, floodwater is stored in troughs after the flood retreat. This water seeps through sub-vertical fractures (soutirages) connecting the master conduit with the deep pathways. Therefore, the loops evolve also during the dry season, and the LCR is considerably increased. Although the model is based on several approximations, it leads to some important conclusions for vertical organisation of karst conduit networks and stresses the importance of base-level changes and transient recharge conditions. It therefore gives an explanation of speleogenesis that relies much more on the dynamic nature of water flow than on the static fracture density |
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recharge, phréatique, conduit, génération, |
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Auteur |
Turk, J.; Malard, A.; Jeannin, P.Y.; Vouillamoz, J.; Petric, M.; Gabrovsek, F.; Slabe, T.; Virsek Ravbar, N.; Masini, J. |
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Interpretation of hydrogeological functioning of a high karst plateau using the KARSYS approach: the case of Trovsko-Banjka planota (Slovenia) |
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2013 |
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Acta Carsologica |
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42(1) |
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61-74 |
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Karsys |
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The high karst plateau of Trnovsko-Banj�ka planota is one of the most important reservoirs of karst water in Slovenia. Almost all important karst springs in this area are captured for water supply. A sustainable management of this source of groundwater is of strategic importance, not only as drinking water supply but also for the economy. For these reasons, many hydrogeological monitoring studies have been carried out over the last decades. However, no consistent regional overview of the hydrogeological functioning of Trnovsko-Banj�ka planota was available and we decided to study this area with more direct approach based on 3D geological and hydrogeological models. The so called KARSYS approach was developed in Switzerland and applied primarily to characterize groundwater reserves within a karst massif, and to sketch the main flow-paths carrying groundwater from recharge areas to the respective springs. The delineation of spring catchment areas in karst regions was better defined and interactions between catchments were interpreted. These results can be used to improve the management of karst waters in the studied area. |
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Audra, P.; Bini, A.; Gabrovsek, F.; Häuselmann, P.; Hobléa, F.; Jeannin, P.Y.; Kunaver, J.; Monbaron, M.; Sustersic, F.; Tognini, P.; Trimmel, H.; Wildberger, A. |
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Cave genesis in the Alps between the Miocene and today: a review |
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2006 |
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Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, NF |
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50(2) |
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153-176 |
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