{"id":2818,"date":"2025-01-27T15:23:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T14:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/?page_id=2818"},"modified":"2025-11-20T14:39:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T13:39:53","slug":"thermokarst","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/thermokarst\/","title":{"rendered":"ThermoKarst"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/qui-sommes-nous\">Qui sommes-nous?<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/competences\/\">Com\u00adp\u00e9\u00adtences<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/prestations\/\">Pres\u00adta\u00adtions<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">ThermoKarst<\/h1>\n<\/h1>\n<h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>projet financ\u00e9 par le Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, FNS, 2020-2024<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p class=\"text-content\">Les ca\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9s sou\u00adter\u00adraines consti\u00adtuent un \u00e9co\u00adsys\u00adt\u00e8me fra\u00adgile dans le\u00adquel les pro\u00adces\u00adsus bio\u00adg\u00e9o\u00adchi\u00admiques d\u00e9\u00adpendent for\u00adte\u00adment de la tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture, de l\u2019humidit\u00e9 et de la ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion. Elles abritent \u00e9ga\u00adle\u00adment des traces uniques de leur en\u00advi\u00adron\u00adne\u00adment pas\u00ads\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>De\u00adpuis le d\u00e9\u00adbut du 21\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, les \u00e9tudes pa\u00adl\u00e9oen\u00advi\u00adron\u00adne\u00admen\u00adtales des sp\u00e9\u00adl\u00e9o\u00adth\u00e8mes, for\u00adma\u00adtions car\u00adbo\u00adna\u00adt\u00e9es se\u00adcon\u00addaires telles que sta\u00adlag\u00admites et cou\u00adl\u00e9es sta\u00adlag\u00admi\u00adtiques, ont per\u00admis de re\u00adcons\u00adtruire le cli\u00admat ter\u00adrestre avec pr\u00e9\u00adci\u00adsion, sur les der\u00adniers 500\u2019000 ans en\u00advi\u00adron.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-content\">La ques\u00adtion de la r\u00e9\u00adponse du cli\u00admat sou\u00adter\u00adrain aux va\u00adria\u00adtions du cli\u00admat ex\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrieur n\u2019est ce\u00adpen\u00addant pas en\u00adti\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment r\u00e9\u00adso\u00adlue. Les r\u00e9\u00adsul\u00adtats du pro\u00adjet Ther\u00admo\u00adkarst in\u00addiquent clai\u00adre\u00adment que le trans\u00adfert des va\u00adria\u00adtions ex\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrieures par dif\u00adfu\u00adsion ther\u00admique \u00e0 tra\u00advers la roche n\u2019est pas le seul m\u00e9\u00adca\u00adnisme res\u00adpon\u00adsable des va\u00adria\u00adtions ob\u00adser\u00adv\u00e9es sous terre.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-content\">Bien com\u00adprendre la r\u00e9\u00adponse ther\u00admique du karst au chan\u00adge\u00adment cli\u00adma\u00adtique est donc fon\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal pour quan\u00adti\u00adfier les taux de dissolution\/pr\u00e9cipitation et in\u00adter\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adter les va\u00adria\u00adtions g\u00e9o\u00adchi\u00admiques ob\u00adser\u00adv\u00e9es dans les concr\u00e9\u00adtions, et pour \u00e9va\u00adluer les im\u00adpacts sur les or\u00adga\u00adnismes vi\u00advants dans les grottes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-content\">A par\u00adtir de la lit\u00adt\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture, nous avions for\u00admu\u00adl\u00e9 trois hy\u00adpo\u00adth\u00e8ses que nous cher\u00adche\u00adrions \u00e0 va\u00adli\u00adder au cours du pro\u00adjet :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>La ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion des mas\u00adsifs kars\u00adtiques re\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adsente un m\u00e9\u00adca\u00adnisme do\u00admi\u00adnant pour le trans\u00adfert de cha\u00adleur&nbsp;;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Le temps de r\u00e9\u00adac\u00adtion des mas\u00adsifs et des grottes d\u00e9\u00adpend prin\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adle\u00adment des flux ad\u00advec\u00adtifs (eau et air), plus que de la conduc\u00adtion de cha\u00adleur dans la roche&nbsp;;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Les \u00e9changes ther\u00admiques sont suf\u00adfi\u00adsants pour pro\u00adduire une quan\u00adti\u00adt\u00e9 si\u00adgni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtive d\u2019eau de conden\u00adsa\u00adtion pour re\u00adchar\u00adger les sys\u00adt\u00e8mes kars\u00adtiques, au-moins dans cer\u00adtaines condi\u00adtions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"show-more-wrapper\">Pour at\u00adteindre cet ob\u00adjec\u00adtif, le pro\u00adjet s\u2019appuie sur deux \u00e9quipes aux com\u00adp\u00e9\u00adtences com\u00adpl\u00e9\u00admen\u00adtaires, l\u2019une sp\u00e9\u00adcia\u00adliste du mo\u00adni\u00adto\u00adring et de la concep\u00adtua\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtion des sys\u00adt\u00e8mes kars\u00adtiques (ISSKA), l\u2019autre des trans\u00adferts de cha\u00adleur et de masse (FAST, La\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adtoire de m\u00e9\u00adca\u00adnique des fluides de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Pa\u00adris-Sud).<\/p>\n<p class=\"show-more-wrapper\">Notre re\u00adcherche s\u2019est concen\u00adtr\u00e9e sur les grottes ven\u00adti\u00adl\u00e9es, his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adque\u00adment le com\u00adpo\u00adsant le moins bien com\u00adpris du trans\u00adport ther\u00admique en mi\u00adlieu kars\u00adtique (la conduc\u00adtion de la cha\u00adleur dans la roche et l\u2019advection de la cha\u00adleur par l\u2019eau ayant d\u00e9\u00adj\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 trai\u00adt\u00e9es dans des tra\u00advaux an\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrieurs). La re\u00adcherche a com\u00adbi\u00adn\u00e9 des ap\u00adproches em\u00adpi\u00adriques et th\u00e9o\u00adriques, pro\u00addui\u00adsant deux th\u00e8ses de doc\u00adto\u00adrat<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>2 <\/sup>et plu\u00adsieurs ar\u00adticles \u00e9va\u00adlu\u00e9s par des pairs.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Principales avanc\u00e9es de Thermokarst (s\u00e9lection) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Un obs\u00adtacle m\u00e9\u00adtho\u00addo\u00adlo\u00adgique ma\u00adjeur \u2014 la me\u00adsure des flux d\u2019air dans les grottes \u2014 a \u00e9t\u00e9 sur\u00admon\u00adt\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9\u00adve\u00adlop\u00adpe\u00adment et \u00e0 la va\u00adli\u00adda\u00adtion d\u2019un ins\u00adtru\u00adment ro\u00adbuste, adap\u00adt\u00e9 aux condi\u00adtions sou\u00adter\u00adraines, per\u00admet\u00adtant un d\u00e9\u00adploie\u00adment plus large avec un ef\u00adfort rai\u00adson\u00adnable <sup>3<\/sup> <sup>4<\/sup>.Ce\u00adla ouvre la voie \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes sys\u00adt\u00e9\u00adma\u00adtiques de la ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion sur plu\u00adsieurs sites.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons d\u00e9\u00admon\u00adtr\u00e9 que le cou\u00adplage ther\u00admique air\u2013roche en\u00adtra\u00eene des \u00e9carts si\u00adgni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtifs par rap\u00adport \u00e0 une mo\u00add\u00e8le \u00ab&nbsp;clas\u00adsique&nbsp;\u00bb ne consi\u00add\u00e9\u00adrant que la conduc\u00adtion ther\u00admique \u00e0 tra\u00advers la roche.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons d\u00e9\u00adfi\u00adni et quan\u00adti\u00adfi\u00e9 la lon\u00adgueur de convec\u00adtion \u2014 la dis\u00adtance le long d\u2019un conduit ven\u00adti\u00adl\u00e9 n\u00e9\u00adces\u00adsaire pour amor\u00adtir les si\u00adgnaux ther\u00admiques ex\u00adternes \u2014 et mis en \u00e9vi\u00addence sa d\u00e9\u00adpen\u00addance \u00e0 la du\u00adr\u00e9e des cycles cli\u00adma\u00adtiques (quo\u00adti\u00addiens, an\u00adnuels, plus longs)<sup> 6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons \u00e9ta\u00adbli une for\u00admule re\u00adliant la lon\u00adgueur de convec\u00adtion an\u00adnuelle maxi\u00admale au d\u00e9\u00adbit d\u2019air et au dia\u00adm\u00e8tre du conduit.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00e9 le r\u00f4le d\u00e9\u00adter\u00admi\u00adnant de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de la ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion sur la lon\u00adgueur de convec\u00adtion, celle-ci \u00e9tant elle-m\u00eame li\u00admi\u00adt\u00e9e par les pas\u00adsages les plus \u00e9troits des conduits sou\u00adter\u00adrains.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons d\u00e9\u00adcrit et mo\u00add\u00e9\u00adli\u00ads\u00e9 des zones au sein des grottes pr\u00e9\u00adsen\u00adtant des tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtures su\u00adp\u00e9\u00adrieures ou in\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrieures \u00e0 la tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture \u00ab&nbsp;nor\u00admale&nbsp;\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture an\u00adnuelle moyenne ex\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrieure de l\u2019air \u00e0 la m\u00eame al\u00adti\u00adtude.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons r\u00e9\u00advi\u00ads\u00e9 et re\u00add\u00e9\u00adfi\u00adni les termes de \u00ab&nbsp;zones h\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9\u00adro\u00adther\u00admiques&nbsp;\u00bb et \u00ab&nbsp;ho\u00admo\u00adther\u00admiques&nbsp;\u00bb as\u00adsez lar\u00adge\u00adment uti\u00adli\u00ads\u00e9s en cli\u00adma\u00adto\u00adlo\u00adgie sou\u00adter\u00adraine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons mis en \u00e9vi\u00addence le fait que les ef\u00adfets de che\u00admi\u00adn\u00e9e peuvent d\u00e9\u00adclen\u00adcher une ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion \u00e9ten\u00addue et si\u00adgni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtive dans les sys\u00adt\u00e8mes sou\u00adter\u00adrains lorsqu\u2019il existe des contrastes de tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons ce\u00adpen\u00addant ob\u00adser\u00adv\u00e9 que les in\u00adten\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e9s de ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion sont sou\u00advent faibles \u00e0 cause de pas\u00adsages \u00e9troits, et fr\u00e9\u00adquem\u00adment asy\u00adm\u00e9\u00adtriques (r\u00e9\u00adsis\u00adtance a\u00e9\u00adrau\u00adlique dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrente entre hi\u00adver et \u00e9t\u00e9 \u2014 ex\u00adpli\u00adqu\u00e9es par la g\u00e9o\u00adm\u00e9\u00adtrie lo\u00adcale (com\u00adpor\u00adte\u00adment de type valve Tes\u00adla), les ef\u00adfets gra\u00advi\u00adta\u00adtion\u00adnels dans des sys\u00adt\u00e8mes en forme de L, et d\u2019autres fac\u00adteurs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00e9 et ca\u00adrac\u00adt\u00e9\u00adri\u00ads\u00e9 les \u00e9changes ther\u00admiques air\u2013roche le long des conduits ven\u00adti\u00adl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons confir\u00adm\u00e9 le r\u00f4le es\u00adsen\u00adtiel de la tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture ex\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrieure comme condi\u00adtion aux li\u00admites, mais re\u00adle\u00adv\u00e9 que la tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture moyenne dans le sol \u00e0 ~0.5&nbsp;m \u00e9tait sou\u00advent plus \u00e9le\u00adv\u00e9e que celle de l\u2019air \u00e0 2&nbsp;m au-des\u00adsus du sol.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons cla\u00adri\u00adfi\u00e9 le r\u00f4le de la conduc\u00adtion ther\u00admique dans la roche, prin\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adle\u00adment aux \u00e9chelles tem\u00adpo\u00adrelles courtes (quo\u00adti\u00addiennes) et longues (d\u00e9\u00adcen\u00adnales).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons \u00e9va\u00adlu\u00e9 les \u00e9changes ther\u00admiques dans l\u2019\u00e9pikarst im\u00adpli\u00adquant \u00e0 la fois les trans\u00adferts ther\u00admiques air\u2013roche et eau\u2013roche.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nous avons d\u00e9\u00admon\u00adtr\u00e9 que cer\u00adtains mo\u00add\u00e8les lar\u00adge\u00adment ci\u00adt\u00e9s du drai\u00adnage g\u00e9o\u00adther\u00admique \u00e0 la base des sys\u00adt\u00e8mes kars\u00adtiques sont in\u00adco\u00adh\u00e9\u00adrents avec cer\u00adtains as\u00adpects th\u00e9o\u00adriques et avec nos don\u00adn\u00e9es, in\u00addi\u00adquant la n\u00e9\u00adces\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e9 d\u2019am\u00e9liorations les mo\u00add\u00e8les.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"show-more-wrapper\">R\u00e9sultats et publications<\/h4>\n<div class=\"show-more-wrapper\">\n<div><\/div>\n<p class=\"text-content\">Au-de\u00adl\u00e0 des deux th\u00e8ses<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>2 <\/sup>, Ther\u00admo\u00adkarst a pro\u00adduit plu\u00adsieurs ar\u00adticles dans des re\u00advues in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnales <sup>3<\/sup> <sup>4 5<\/sup> <sup>6 7 8<\/sup> avec au moins deux autres ma\u00adnus\u00adcrits en pr\u00e9\u00adpa\u00adra\u00adtion. Ces r\u00e9\u00adsul\u00adtats iden\u00adti\u00adfient et quan\u00adti\u00adfient les pro\u00adces\u00adsus per\u00adti\u00adnents (conduc\u00adtion, ad\u00advec\u00adtion par l\u2019eau, convec\u00adtion de l\u2019air), d\u00e9\u00admontrent com\u00adment ins\u00adtru\u00admen\u00adter ef\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adce\u00adment les grottes, et posent les bases d\u2019une mo\u00add\u00e9\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtion in\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"text-content\">Ain\u00adsi, les r\u00e9\u00adsul\u00adtats de ce pro\u00adjet re\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adsentent une \u00e9tape-cl\u00e9 dans la com\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adhen\u00adsion des trans\u00adferts de cha\u00adleur dans les roches car\u00adbo\u00adna\u00adt\u00e9es. Les prin\u00adci\u00adpaux \u00e9l\u00e9\u00adments n\u00e9\u00adces\u00adsaires \u00e0 la com\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adhen\u00adsion du trans\u00adfert de cha\u00adleur dans les mas\u00adsifs kars\u00adtiques sont d\u00e9\u00adsor\u00admais en place. Au tra\u00advers d\u2019un fu\u00adtur pro\u00adjet, nous es\u00adp\u00e9\u00adrons pou\u00advoir in\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgrer les pro\u00adces\u00adsus les plus per\u00adti\u00adnents dans un mo\u00add\u00e8le uni\u00adfi\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des mas\u00adsifs kars\u00adtiques.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"text-content\">Les r\u00e9\u00adsul\u00adtats du pro\u00adjet ap\u00adportent d\u2019ores et d\u00e9\u00adj\u00e0 des don\u00adn\u00e9es es\u00adsen\u00adtielles pour la com\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adhen\u00adsion du cli\u00admat sou\u00adter\u00adrain, r\u00e9\u00adsul\u00adtats utiles aus\u00adsi pour d\u2019autres do\u00admaines :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"show-more-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"text-content\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>la bio\u00adlo\u00adgie sou\u00adter\u00adraine (bio\u00adtopes sou\u00adter\u00adrains),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>la ge\u00adn\u00e8se des grottes (cor\u00adro\u00adsion par conden\u00adsa\u00adtion),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>le per\u00adma\u00adfrost (gla\u00adci\u00e8res na\u00adtu\u00adrelles),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>la conser\u00adva\u00adtion des grottes (pro\u00adtec\u00adtion des grottes ar\u00adch\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgiques et tou\u00adris\u00adtiques),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>le cycle du car\u00adbone (la dis\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adtion et la pr\u00e9\u00adci\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adtion des car\u00adbo\u00adnates sont contr\u00f4\u00adl\u00e9es par la pCO<sub>2<\/sub>, donc par la ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>l\u2019alimentation en eau po\u00adtable (va\u00adria\u00adtions de tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture des sources kars\u00adtiques),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>la g\u00e9o\u00adther\u00admie basse tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture (ef\u00adfet des conduits sur les \u00e9changes ther\u00admiques),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>le per\u00adce\u00adment de tun\u00adnels et de mines (pr\u00e9\u00addic\u00adtion de vides et d\u2019intrusions mas\u00adsives d\u2019eau),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>la san\u00adt\u00e9 pu\u00adblique (ra\u00addon ex\u00adha\u00adl\u00e9 dans les ha\u00adbi\u00adta\u00adtions)\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/domain_3-scaled.jpeg\" alt><br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/m0-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<h1>PHD Students<\/h1>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Amir_nb-225x300.jpg\" alt width=\"225\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-611 size-medium\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Amir_nb-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Amir_nb-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Amir_nb-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Amir_nb-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Amir_nb-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Amir Se\u00adda\u00adghat\u00adkish<br><a href=\"mailto:amir.sedaghatkish@isska.ch\">En\u00advoyer e-mail<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Claudio_nb-225x300.jpg\" alt width=\"225\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-612 size-medium\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Claudio_nb-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Claudio_nb.jpg 532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Clau\u00addio Pas\u00adtore<br><a href=\"mailto:claudio.pastore@isska.ch\">En\u00advoyer e-mail<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>PIs<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p><span>Pierre-Yves Jean\u00adnin (ISSKA), Fr\u00e9\u00add\u00e9\u00adric Dou\u00admenc (Sor\u00adbonne), Marc Luet\u00adscher (ISSKA).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Publications<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp; Se\u00adda\u00adghat\u00adkish, A. The Role of Convec\u00adtive Heat and Mass Trans\u00adfer in the Ther\u00admal Res\u00adponse of Karst Conduits. PhD-The\u00adsis, Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty of Neu\u00adch\u00e2\u00adtel, Centre of Hy\u00addro\u00adgeo\u00adlo\u00adgy and Geo\u00adther\u00admics (CHYN), Swit\u00adzer\u00adland, 2025.<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp; Pas\u00adtore, C. Ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion Dy\u00adna\u00admics and Heat Ex\u00adchange in Caves: An In\u00adte\u00adgra\u00adted Mo\u00adni\u00adto\u00adring and Mo\u00adde\u00adling Ap\u00adproach. PhD-The\u00adsis, Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty of Neu\u00adch\u00e2\u00adtel, Centre of Hy\u00addro\u00adgeo\u00adlo\u00adgy and Geo\u00adther\u00admics (CHYN), Swit\u00adzer\u00adland, 2025.<\/p>\n<p><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; Pas\u00adtore C., Se\u00adda\u00adghat\u00adkish A., Schmid N., We\u00adber E.,&nbsp;Luet\u00adscher M., 2024. <\/span>Mo\u00adni\u00adto\u00adring air fluxes in caves using di\u00adgi\u00adtal flow me\u00adters.&nbsp;In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnal Jour\u00adnal of Spe\u00adleo\u00adlo\u00adgy, 53, 63-73.<span><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/1827-806X.53.1.2500\">doi.org\/10.5038\/1827-806X.53.1.2500<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup><span>4<\/span><\/sup><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; Pas\u00adtore C., We\u00adber E., Dou\u00admenc F., Jean\u00adnin PY.,&nbsp;Luet\u00adscher M., 2024. <\/span>Dis\u00adper\u00adsion of ar\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcial tra\u00adcers in ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adted caves.&nbsp;In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnal Jour\u00adnal of Spe\u00adleo\u00adlo\u00adgy, 53(1), 51-62.&nbsp;<span><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/1827-806X.53.1.2497\">doi.org\/10.5038\/1827-806X.53.1.2497<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup><span>5<\/span><\/sup><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; Se\u00adda\u00adghat\u00adkish A., Dou\u00admenc F., Jean\u00adnin PY.,&nbsp;Luet\u00adscher M., 2024. <\/span>Mo\u00adde\u00adling the ef\u00adfect of free convec\u00adtion on per\u00adma\u00adfrost mel\u00adting rates in fro\u00adzen rock-clefts.&nbsp;The Cryos\u00adphere, 18, 4547\u20134565,&nbsp;<span><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/tc-18-4547-2024\">doi.org\/10.5194\/tc-18-4547-2024<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup>6<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp; Se\u00adda\u00adghat\u00adkish A., Pas\u00adtore C., Dou\u00admenc F., Jean\u00adnin PY.,&nbsp;Luet\u00adscher M., 2024. Mo\u00addel\u00adling heat trans\u00adfer for as\u00adses\u00adsing the convec\u00adtion length in ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adted caves.&nbsp;Jour\u00adnal of Geo\u00adphy\u00adsi\u00adcal Re\u00adsearch: Earth Sur\u00adface, 129, e2024JF007646.&nbsp;<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024JF007646\">doi.org\/10.1029\/2024JF007646<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup>7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/sup>Se\u00adda\u00adghat\u00adkish, A., Pas\u00adtore C., Dou\u00admenc F., Jean\u00adnin P.-Y., et Luet\u00adscher M.. Ther\u00admal Mo\u00adde\u00adling of Caves Ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adted by Chim\u00adney Ef\u00adfect. In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnal Jour\u00adnal of Ther\u00admal Sciences 212 (June 2025): 24. <span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109757\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109757<\/a>.<sup><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup><span>8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/sup><span>Ga\u00adra\u00adgnon J.,&nbsp;Luet\u00adscher M., We\u00adber E., 2022. Ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion re\u00adgime in a kars\u00adtic sys\u00adtem (Mi\u00adlandre Cave, Swit\u00adzer\u00adland).&nbsp;Kars\u00adto\u00adlo\u00adgia M\u00e9\u00admoires, 23, 18-19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br>\n<!-- {\"type\":\"layout\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"css\":\"@media (max-width:759px) {\\n  .el-section {\\n      height: 370px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:760px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 275px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1200px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 340px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1600px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 580px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1600px) and (max-height:1100px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 460px;\\n    }\\n}\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled.jpg\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"image_size\":\"cover\",\"padding\":\"large\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button\",\"props\":{\"css\":\".el-content {\\n    font-family: \\\"Century Gothic\\\", Verdana, sans-serif;\\n    }\\n@media (max-width:759px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin: 10px 50px; \\n    width: 250px;\\n    position: relative;\\n    top: 180px;\\n  }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:760px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin: 10px 6px; \\n    width: 217px;\\n    position: relative;\\n    top: 104px;\\n  }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1200px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    width: 260px;\\n    margin: 0px 40px;\\n    position: relative;\\n    top: 165px;\\n  }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1600px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin-top: 250px;\\n }\\n} \\n@media (min-width:1600px) and (max-height:1100px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin-top: 130px;\\n }\\n} \",\"fullwidth\":false,\"grid_column_gap\":\"collapse\",\"grid_row_gap\":\"small\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"position_bottom\":\"-93\",\"position_z_index\":\"2\",\"text_align\":\"center\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Qui sommes-nous?\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.isska.ch\\\/qui-sommes-nous\"}},{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Comp\\u00e9tences\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.isska.ch\\\/competences\\\/\"}},{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Prestations\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.isska.ch\\\/prestations\\\/\"}}]}]}]}],\"name\":\"Header_fr\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"css\":\"@media (max-width: 759px) {\\n    .el-row {\\n        padding-top: 135px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (max-width: 759px) and (orientation:landscape) {\\n    .el-row {\\n        padding-top: 140px;\\n    }\\n}\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"breadcrumbs\",\"props\":{\"show_current\":true,\"show_home\":true,\"visibility\":\"s\"},\"name\":\"Breadcrumbs\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h1 style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\">ThermoKarst<\\\/h1>\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><strong>projet financ\\u00e9 par le Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, FNS, 2020-2024<\\\/strong><\\\/h3>\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"},\"name\":\"Sous-titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">Les cavit\\u00e9s souterraines constituent un \\u00e9cosyst\\u00e8me fragile dans lequel les processus biog\\u00e9ochimiques d\\u00e9pendent fortement de la temp\\u00e9rature, de l\\u2019humidit\\u00e9 et de la ventilation. Elles abritent \\u00e9galement des traces uniques de leur environnement pass\\u00e9.<br \\\/><br \\\/>Depuis le d\\u00e9but du 21\\u00e8me si\\u00e8cle, les \\u00e9tudes pal\\u00e9oenvironnementales des sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9oth\\u00e8mes, formations carbonat\\u00e9es secondaires telles que stalagmites et coul\\u00e9es stalagmitiques, ont permis de reconstruire le climat terrestre avec pr\\u00e9cision, sur les derniers 500'000 ans environ.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">La question de la r\\u00e9ponse du climat souterrain aux variations du climat ext\\u00e9rieur n\\u2019est cependant pas enti\\u00e8rement r\\u00e9solue. Les r\\u00e9sultats du projet Thermokarst indiquent clairement que le transfert des variations ext\\u00e9rieures par diffusion thermique \\u00e0 travers la roche n\\u2019est pas le seul m\\u00e9canisme responsable des variations observ\\u00e9es sous terre.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">Bien comprendre la r\\u00e9ponse thermique du karst au changement climatique est donc fondamental pour quantifier les taux de dissolution\\\/pr\\u00e9cipitation et interpr\\u00e9ter les variations g\\u00e9ochimiques observ\\u00e9es dans les concr\\u00e9tions, et pour \\u00e9valuer les impacts sur les organismes vivants dans les grottes.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">A partir de la litt\\u00e9rature, nous avions formul\\u00e9 trois hypoth\\u00e8ses que nous chercherions \\u00e0 valider au cours du projet :<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ol>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>La ventilation des massifs karstiques repr\\u00e9sente un m\\u00e9canisme dominant pour le transfert de chaleur\\u00a0;<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Le temps de r\\u00e9action des massifs et des grottes d\\u00e9pend principalement des flux advectifs (eau et air), plus que de la conduction de chaleur dans la roche\\u00a0;<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Les \\u00e9changes thermiques sont suffisants pour produire une quantit\\u00e9 significative d\\u2019eau de condensation pour recharger les syst\\u00e8mes karstiques, au-moins dans certaines conditions.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"show-more-wrapper\\\">Pour atteindre cet objectif, le projet s\\u2019appuie sur deux \\u00e9quipes aux comp\\u00e9tences compl\\u00e9mentaires, l\\u2019une sp\\u00e9cialiste du monitoring et de la conceptualisation des syst\\u00e8mes karstiques (ISSKA), l\\u2019autre des transferts de chaleur et de masse (FAST, Laboratoire de m\\u00e9canique des fluides de l\\u2019Universit\\u00e9 de Paris-Sud).<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"show-more-wrapper\\\">Notre recherche s\\u2019est concentr\\u00e9e sur les grottes ventil\\u00e9es, historiquement le composant le moins bien compris du transport thermique en milieu karstique (la conduction de la chaleur dans la roche et l\\u2019advection de la chaleur par l\\u2019eau ayant d\\u00e9j\\u00e0 \\u00e9t\\u00e9 trait\\u00e9es dans des travaux ant\\u00e9rieurs). La recherche a combin\\u00e9 des approches empiriques et th\\u00e9oriques, produisant deux th\\u00e8ses de doctorat<sup>1<\\\/sup> <sup>2 <\\\/sup>et plusieurs articles \\u00e9valu\\u00e9s par des pairs.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<h4><strong>Principales avanc\\u00e9es de Thermokarst (s\\u00e9lection) :<\\\/strong><\\\/h4>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Un obstacle m\\u00e9thodologique majeur \\u2014 la mesure des flux d\\u2019air dans les grottes \\u2014 a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 surmont\\u00e9 gr\\u00e2ce au d\\u00e9veloppement et \\u00e0 la validation d\\u2019un instrument robuste, adapt\\u00e9 aux conditions souterraines, permettant un d\\u00e9ploiement plus large avec un effort raisonnable <sup>3<\\\/sup> <sup>4<\\\/sup>.Cela ouvre la voie \\u00e0 des \\u00e9tudes syst\\u00e9matiques de la ventilation sur plusieurs sites.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons d\\u00e9montr\\u00e9 que le couplage thermique air\\u2013roche entra\\u00eene des \\u00e9carts significatifs par rapport \\u00e0 une mod\\u00e8le \\u00ab\\u00a0classique\\u00a0\\u00bb ne consid\\u00e9rant que la conduction thermique \\u00e0 travers la roche.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons d\\u00e9fini et quantifi\\u00e9 la longueur de convection \\u2014 la distance le long d\\u2019un conduit ventil\\u00e9 n\\u00e9cessaire pour amortir les signaux thermiques externes \\u2014 et mis en \\u00e9vidence sa d\\u00e9pendance \\u00e0 la dur\\u00e9e des cycles climatiques (quotidiens, annuels, plus longs)<sup> 6<\\\/sup>.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons \\u00e9tabli une formule reliant la longueur de convection annuelle maximale au d\\u00e9bit d\\u2019air et au diam\\u00e8tre du conduit.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons identifi\\u00e9 le r\\u00f4le d\\u00e9terminant de l\\u2019intensit\\u00e9 de la ventilation sur la longueur de convection, celle-ci \\u00e9tant elle-m\\u00eame limit\\u00e9e par les passages les plus \\u00e9troits des conduits souterrains.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons d\\u00e9crit et mod\\u00e9lis\\u00e9 des zones au sein des grottes pr\\u00e9sentant des temp\\u00e9ratures sup\\u00e9rieures ou inf\\u00e9rieures \\u00e0 la temp\\u00e9rature \\u00ab\\u00a0normale\\u00a0\\u00bb, c\\u2019est-\\u00e0-dire la temp\\u00e9rature annuelle moyenne ext\\u00e9rieure de l\\u2019air \\u00e0 la m\\u00eame altitude.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons r\\u00e9vis\\u00e9 et red\\u00e9fini les termes de \\u00ab\\u00a0zones h\\u00e9t\\u00e9rothermiques\\u00a0\\u00bb et \\u00ab\\u00a0homothermiques\\u00a0\\u00bb assez largement utilis\\u00e9s en climatologie souterraine.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons mis en \\u00e9vidence le fait que les effets de chemin\\u00e9e peuvent d\\u00e9clencher une ventilation \\u00e9tendue et significative dans les syst\\u00e8mes souterrains lorsqu\\u2019il existe des contrastes de temp\\u00e9rature.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons cependant observ\\u00e9 que les intensit\\u00e9s de ventilation sont souvent faibles \\u00e0 cause de passages \\u00e9troits, et fr\\u00e9quemment asym\\u00e9triques (r\\u00e9sistance a\\u00e9raulique diff\\u00e9rente entre hiver et \\u00e9t\\u00e9 \\u2014 expliqu\\u00e9es par la g\\u00e9om\\u00e9trie locale (comportement de type valve Tesla), les effets gravitationnels dans des syst\\u00e8mes en forme de L, et d\\u2019autres facteurs.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons identifi\\u00e9 et caract\\u00e9ris\\u00e9 les \\u00e9changes thermiques air\\u2013roche le long des conduits ventil\\u00e9s.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons confirm\\u00e9 le r\\u00f4le essentiel de la temp\\u00e9rature ext\\u00e9rieure comme condition aux limites, mais relev\\u00e9 que la temp\\u00e9rature moyenne dans le sol \\u00e0 ~0.5 m \\u00e9tait souvent plus \\u00e9lev\\u00e9e que celle de l\\u2019air \\u00e0 2 m au-dessus du sol.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons clarifi\\u00e9 le r\\u00f4le de la conduction thermique dans la roche, principalement aux \\u00e9chelles temporelles courtes (quotidiennes) et longues (d\\u00e9cennales).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons \\u00e9valu\\u00e9 les \\u00e9changes thermiques dans l\\u2019\\u00e9pikarst impliquant \\u00e0 la fois les transferts thermiques air\\u2013roche et eau\\u2013roche.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>Nous avons d\\u00e9montr\\u00e9 que certains mod\\u00e8les largement cit\\u00e9s du drainage g\\u00e9othermique \\u00e0 la base des syst\\u00e8mes karstiques sont incoh\\u00e9rents avec certains aspects th\\u00e9oriques et avec nos donn\\u00e9es, indiquant la n\\u00e9cessit\\u00e9 d\\u2019am\\u00e9liorations les mod\\u00e8les.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<h4 class=\\\"show-more-wrapper\\\">R\\u00e9sultats et publications<\\\/h4>\\n\n\n<div class=\\\"show-more-wrapper\\\">\\n\n\n<div><\\\/div>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">Au-del\\u00e0 des deux th\\u00e8ses<sup>1<\\\/sup> <sup>2 <\\\/sup>, Thermokarst a produit plusieurs articles dans des revues internationales <sup>3<\\\/sup> <sup>4 5<\\\/sup> <sup>6 7 8<\\\/sup> avec au moins deux autres manuscrits en pr\\u00e9paration. Ces r\\u00e9sultats identifient et quantifient les processus pertinents (conduction, advection par l\\u2019eau, convection de l\\u2019air), d\\u00e9montrent comment instrumenter efficacement les grottes, et posent les bases d\\u2019une mod\\u00e9lisation int\\u00e9gr\\u00e9e.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">Ainsi, les r\\u00e9sultats de ce projet repr\\u00e9sentent une \\u00e9tape-cl\\u00e9 dans la compr\\u00e9hension des transferts de chaleur dans les roches carbonat\\u00e9es. Les principaux \\u00e9l\\u00e9ments n\\u00e9cessaires \\u00e0 la compr\\u00e9hension du transfert de chaleur dans les massifs karstiques sont d\\u00e9sormais en place. Au travers d\\u2019un futur projet, nous esp\\u00e9rons pouvoir int\\u00e9grer les processus les plus pertinents dans un mod\\u00e8le unifi\\u00e9 \\u00e0 l\\u2019\\u00e9chelle des massifs karstiques.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"text-content\\\">Les r\\u00e9sultats du projet apportent d\\u2019ores et d\\u00e9j\\u00e0 des donn\\u00e9es essentielles pour la compr\\u00e9hension du climat souterrain, r\\u00e9sultats utiles aussi pour d\\u2019autres domaines :<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/div>\\n\n\n<div class=\\\"show-more-wrapper\\\">\\n\n\n<div class=\\\"text-content\\\">\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>la biologie souterraine (biotopes souterrains),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>la gen\\u00e8se des grottes (corrosion par condensation),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>le permafrost (glaci\\u00e8res naturelles),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>la conservation des grottes (protection des grottes arch\\u00e9ologiques et touristiques),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>le cycle du carbone (la dissolution et la pr\\u00e9cipitation des carbonates sont contr\\u00f4l\\u00e9es par la pCO<sub>2<\\\/sub>, donc par la ventilation),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>l\\u2019alimentation en eau potable (variations de temp\\u00e9rature des sources karstiques),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>la g\\u00e9othermie basse temp\\u00e9rature (effet des conduits sur les \\u00e9changes thermiques),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>le percement de tunnels et de mines (pr\\u00e9diction de vides et d\\u2019intrusions massives d\\u2019eau),<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p>la sant\\u00e9 publique (radon exhal\\u00e9 dans les habitations)\\u2026<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/domain_3-scaled.jpeg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/m0-scaled.jpg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/domain_3-scaled.jpeg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":500,\"margin\":\"default\",\"status\":\"disabled\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/m0-scaled.jpg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":490,\"margin\":\"default\",\"status\":\"disabled\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"PHD Students\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"panel\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><br \\\/>Contact<\\\/h3>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><img src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.isska.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Amir_nb-225x300.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"225\\\" height=\\\"300\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-611 size-medium\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Amir Sedaghatkish<br \\\/><a href=\\\"mailto:amir.sedaghatkish@isska.ch\\\">Envoyer e-mail<\\\/a><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"content_column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"css\":\".el-element {\\n    text-align: justify;\\n    font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;\\n\\n}\",\"icon_width\":80,\"image\":\"\",\"image_align\":\"top\",\"image_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"image_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":200,\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"panel_style\":\"card-default\",\"title_align\":\"top\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"title_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"name\":\"Contact_Comp\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"panel\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><br \\\/>Contact<\\\/h3>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><img src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.isska.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Claudio_nb-225x300.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"225\\\" height=\\\"300\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-612 size-medium\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Claudio Pastore<br \\\/><a href=\\\"mailto:claudio.pastore@isska.ch\\\">Envoyer e-mail<\\\/a><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"content_column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"css\":\".el-element {\\n    text-align: justify;\\n    font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;\\n\\n}\",\"icon_width\":80,\"image\":\"\",\"image_align\":\"top\",\"image_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"image_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":200,\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"panel_style\":\"card-default\",\"title_align\":\"top\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"title_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"name\":\"Contact_Comp\"}]}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"PIs\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><span>Pierre-Yves Jeannin (ISSKA), Fr\\u00e9d\\u00e9ric Doumenc (Sorbonne), Marc Luetscher (ISSKA).<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Publications\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><sup>1<\\\/sup>\\u00a0\\u00a0 Sedaghatkish, A. The Role of Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in the Thermal Response of Karst Conduits. PhD-Thesis, University of Neuch\\u00e2tel, Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), Switzerland, 2025.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\\\/sup>\\u00a0\\u00a0 Pastore, C. Ventilation Dynamics and Heat Exchange in Caves: An Integrated Monitoring and Modeling Approach. PhD-Thesis, University of Neuch\\u00e2tel, Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), Switzerland, 2025.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup><span>3<\\\/span><\\\/sup><span>\\u00a0\\u00a0 Pastore C., Sedaghatkish A., Schmid N., Weber E.,\\u00a0Luetscher M., 2024. <\\\/span>Monitoring air fluxes in caves using digital flow meters.\\u00a0International Journal of Speleology, 53, 63-73.<span><a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.5038\\\/1827-806X.53.1.2500\\\">doi.org\\\/10.5038\\\/1827-806X.53.1.2500<\\\/a><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup><span>4<\\\/span><\\\/sup><span>\\u00a0\\u00a0 Pastore C., Weber E., Doumenc F., Jeannin PY.,\\u00a0Luetscher M., 2024. <\\\/span>Dispersion of artificial tracers in ventilated caves.\\u00a0International Journal of Speleology, 53(1), 51-62.\\u00a0<span><a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.5038\\\/1827-806X.53.1.2497\\\">doi.org\\\/10.5038\\\/1827-806X.53.1.2497<\\\/a><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup><span>5<\\\/span><\\\/sup><span>\\u00a0\\u00a0 Sedaghatkish A., Doumenc F., Jeannin PY.,\\u00a0Luetscher M., 2024. <\\\/span>Modeling the effect of free convection on permafrost melting rates in frozen rock-clefts.\\u00a0The Cryosphere, 18, 4547\\u20134565,\\u00a0<span><a href=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.5194\\\/tc-18-4547-2024\\\">doi.org\\\/10.5194\\\/tc-18-4547-2024<\\\/a><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup>6<\\\/sup>\\u00a0\\u00a0 Sedaghatkish A., Pastore C., Doumenc F., Jeannin PY.,\\u00a0Luetscher M., 2024. Modelling heat transfer for assessing the convection length in ventilated caves.\\u00a0Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 129, e2024JF007646.\\u00a0<span><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.1029\\\/2024JF007646\\\">doi.org\\\/10.1029\\\/2024JF007646<\\\/a><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup>7\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0 <\\\/sup>Sedaghatkish, A., Pastore C., Doumenc F., Jeannin P.-Y., et Luetscher M.. Thermal Modeling of Caves Ventilated by Chimney Effect. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 212 (June 2025): 24. <span><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.1016\\\/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109757\\\">https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.1016\\\/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109757<\\\/a>.<sup><\\\/sup><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><sup><span>8\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0 <\\\/span><\\\/sup><span>Garagnon J.,\\u00a0Luetscher M., Weber E., 2022. Ventilation regime in a karstic system (Milandre Cave, Switzerland).\\u00a0Karstologia M\\u00e9moires, 23, 18-19<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"dropcap\":false,\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}],\"version\":\"4.3.5\"} --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qui sommes-nous? Com\u00adp\u00e9\u00adtences Pres\u00adta\u00adtions Ther\u00admo\u00adKarst pro\u00adjet fi\u00adnan\u00adc\u00e9 par le Fonds na\u00adtio\u00adnal de la re\u00adcherche scien\u00adti\u00adfique, FNS, 2020-2024 Les ca\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9s sou\u00adter\u00adraines consti\u00adtuent un \u00e9co\u00adsys\u00adt\u00e8me fra\u00adgile dans le\u00adquel les pro\u00adces\u00adsus bio\u00adg\u00e9o\u00adchi\u00admiques d\u00e9\u00adpendent for\u00adte\u00adment de la tem\u00adp\u00e9\u00adra\u00adture, de l\u2019humidit\u00e9 et de la ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion. Elles abritent \u00e9ga\u00adle\u00adment des traces uniques de leur en\u00advi\u00adron\u00adne\u00adment pas\u00ads\u00e9. De\u00adpuis le d\u00e9\u00adbut du 21\u00e8me [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2818","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2818"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4131,"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2818\/revisions\/4131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}